Writing
AI controls, agent systems, banking governance, production practice. 404 essays, newest first.
- AI Controls Architecture
Risk teams know risk. The open problem is designing controls for systems that are non-deterministic, probabilistic, and attackable in natural language.
- Governing Agents the Way Cells Govern Themselves
Six cell biology mechanisms that reveal what the networking 'control plane' metaphor misses about governing AI agents.
- The Risk Without an Engineering Solution
Every other agentic AI risk has an engineering answer. Prompt injection doesn't. That changes everything about how you design controls.
- Growing Up
The LLM isn't dark matter. It isn't borrowed. It's a brain. The organism just needs to grow up.
- The Borrowed Brain
The LLM isn't dark matter. Biology invented general-purpose reasoning. It's called a brain. We're just borrowing one.
- The Dark Matter of the Cell
Everything in my AI system maps to cell biology. Except the LLM. That's the point.
- Naming the Unnameable
I tried to give LLMs a biological name. Every name broke. The failure was the finding.
- There Is No LLM in a Cell
Cells run thousands of simultaneous reactions without general-purpose reasoning. Shape is enough.
- Tools Are Instruments, Skills Are Recipes
The tool/skill/agent distinction isn't just compression ratio — tools are instruments, skills compose them with judgment. Same thing only at the leaf.
- The Boundary Is an Assessment
The tool/skill distinction isn't a property of the capability. It's a property of the context it operates in.
- The Test Before the Output
The line between tool and skill is whether you can write the test before seeing the result.
- Judgment Is a Moving Boundary
The line between tool and skill isn't a property of the task. It's a property of how well you understand the task.
- Skills Should Die
Every AI skill should be trying to make itself unnecessary. The ones that survive are the ones that haven't been understood yet.
- The LLM Is the Tool
When the transformation is predictable, the LLM is just a runtime. A cheaper, more flexible runtime than custom code.
- Workflows, Not Containers
AI coding tools give you boxes to put things in. Biology suggests you should be thinking about how things flow instead.
- Naming Is a Design Review
Every biological name is a testable hypothesis about what your system should do.
- Bridge or Seed
Every skill you build is one of two things. Knowing which changes what you build next.
- Your Variable Names Should Be a Toy
INTERFACE_ONLY is a label. MEMBRANE_EMBEDDED is a toy — it makes you think about WHY those names can't be swapped. The best variable names don't just describe what something is. They make you think about what it does.
- Name Your System After Biology, Then Rename It
Force your software's vocabulary into a biological framework. The gaps between the mapping and your system are design questions you'd never otherwise ask. Then switch to a different framework and ask different questions.
- The Organism Has a Cortex
Biological metaphors in AI systems break at the autonomic-deliberate boundary. The fix isn't dropping biology — it's getting the neurology right.
- The Model IS the Architecture
How biological modelling determines system structure — not just naming, but what you build and what it can become.
- Deterministic Over Judgment
Why the future of agentic trust depends on liquidating prompt-first reasoning for a metabolic core.
- Metabolism of the Real World
Language doesn't describe metabolism. Language is metabolism — of meaning, between minds.
- The Constitution Eats Itself
Design for the failure modes of your medium, not the capabilities. Then watch the rules dissolve themselves into programs.
- Choosing a Steam Iron with Vertical Steam
A practical guide to picking a steam iron that handles shirts, steams hanging clothes, and doesn't weigh a ton. Cordless and corded options compared, with Hong Kong Consumer Council test data and current pricing.
- The Organism Theory
Everything is organism. AI is the latest intensification.
- hygiene
On the metabolic necessity of pruning agentic context to survive the entropic heat death of the credit balance.
- LLMs Are Enzymes
Why we should stop treating AI as a chatbot and start treating it as a metabolic organism governed by credit scarcity.
- Conversation Is Metabolism
When epistemic trust runs dry, generative synthesis regresses into mechanical synchronization and eventual structural dissolution.
- Everything Is Energy
Tokens are energy. Text is mass. The context window is the budget. The rest is plumbing.
- Taste Is the Metabolism
Tool descriptions were just the first thing to evolve. Everything in an agent's context window is a genome under selection pressure — and taste decides what counts.
- The Semantic Consumer
Traditional computing has two consumers: humans who look and programs that parse. LLMs are a third kind — they read.
- The Missing Metabolism
We build agent tools the way medieval farmers bred crops — by hand, by instinct, one season at a time. There's a better loop.